Industries in the Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector group establishments that produce or organize and promote live presentations involving the performances of actors and actresses, singers, dancers, musical groups and artists, athletes, and other entertainers, including independent (i.e., freelance) entertainers and the establishments that manage their careers. The classification recognizes four basic processes: (1) producing (i.e., presenting) events; (2) organizing, managing, and/or promoting events; (3) managing and representing entertainers; and (4) providing the artistic, creative and technical skills necessary to the production of these live events. Also, this subsector contains four industries for performing arts companies. Each is defined on the basis of the particular skills of the entertainers involved in the presentations.
The industry structure for this subsector makes a clear distinction between performing arts companies and performing artists (i.e., independent or freelance). Although not unique to arts and entertainment, freelancing is a particularly important phenomenon in this Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector. Distinguishing this activity from the production activity is a meaningful process differentiation. This approach, however, is difficult to implement in the case of musical groups (i.e., companies) and artists, especially pop groups. These establishments tend to be more loosely organized and it can be difficult to distinguish companies from freelancers. For this reason, NAICS includes one industry that covers both musical groups and musical artists.
This subsector contains two industries for Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events, one for those that operate facilities and another for those that do not. This is because there are significant differences in cost structures between those promoters that manage and provide the staff to operate facilities and those that do not. In addition to promoters without facilities, other industries in this subsector include establishments that may operate without permanent facilities. These types of establishments include: performing arts companies, musical groups and artists, spectator sports, and independent (i.e., freelance) artists, writers, and performers.
Excluded from this subsector are nightclubs. Some nightclubs promote live entertainment on a regular basis and it can be argued that they could be classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events. However, since most of these establishments function as any other drinking place when they do not promote entertainment and because most of their revenue is derived from sale of food and beverages, they are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places.
7111 Performing Arts Companies
This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing live presentations
involving the performances of actors and actresses, singers, dancers, musical groups and
artists, and other performing artists.
71111 Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters
See industry description for 711110 below.
711110 Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters
This industry comprises (1) companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing the
following live theatrical presentations: musicals; operas; plays; and comedy, improvisational,
mime, and puppet shows and (2) establishments, commonly known as dinner theaters, engaged in
producing live theatrical productions and in providing food and beverages for consumption on
the premises. Theater groups or companies may or may not operate their own theater or other
facility for staging their shows.
Illustrative Examples:
Comedy troupes; Opera companies; Live theatrical productions (except dance); Theatrical stock
or repertory companies; Musical theater companies.
Cross-References.
- Establishments, such as nightclubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises and that also present live nontheatrical entertainment, are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places;
- Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, managing, and/or promoting performing arts productions without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;
- Companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types of live theatrical dance presentations are classified in Industry 711120, Dance Companies;
- Freelance producers and performing artists (except musicians and vocalists) primarily engaged in theatrical activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and
- Musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists.
71112 Dance Companies
See industry description for 711120 below.
711120 Dance Companies
This industry comprises companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types
of live theatrical dance (e.g., ballet, contemporary dance, folk dance) presentations. Dance
companies or groups may or may not operate their own theater or other facility for staging
their shows.
Cross-References.
- Establishments, such as exotic dance clubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises and that also present live dance entertainment, are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places;
- Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing dance productions without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events; and
- Freelance producers and dancers primarily engaged in theatrical activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.
71113 Musical Groups and Artists
See industry description for 711130 below.
711130 Musical Groups and Artists
This industry comprises (1) groups primarily engaged in producing live musical entertainment
(except theatrical musical or opera productions) and (2) independent (i.e., freelance) artists
primarily engaged in providing live musical entertainment. Musical groups and artists may
perform in front of a live audience or in a studio, and may or may not operate their own
facilities for staging their shows.
Illustrative Examples:
Bands Musical groups (except theatrical musical groups); Drum and bugle corps (i.e., drill
teams); Orchestras; Independent musicians or vocalists.
Cross-References.
- Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing concerts and other musical performances without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;
- Companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing theatrical musicals and opera productions are classified in Industry 711110, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters; and
- Freelance producers (except musical groups and artists) primarily engaged in musical activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.
71119 Other Performing Arts Companies
See industry description for 711190 below.
711190 Other Performing Arts Companies
This industry comprises companies or groups (except theater companies, dance companies, musical
groups, and artists) primarily engaged in producing live theatrical presentations.
Illustrative Examples:
Carnival traveling shows; Ice skating companies; Circuses; Magic shows.
Cross-References.
- Establishments, such as comedy clubs or nightclubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises and that also present live nontheatrical entertainment are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places;
- Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing ice skating shows, circuses, and other live performing arts presentations without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;
- Theater companies and groups (except dance) or dinner theaters engaged in producing musicals; plays; operas; and comedy, improvisational, mime, and puppet shows are classified in Industry 711110, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters;
- Dance companies or groups are classified in Industry 711120, Dance Companies;
- Freelance producers and performing artists (except musicians and vocalists) are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and
- Musical groups and independent musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists.
71121 Spectator Sports
This industry comprises (1) sports teams or clubs primarily participating in live sporting
events before a paying audience; (2) establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks;
(3) independent athletes engaged in participating in live sporting or racing events before a
paying audience; (4) owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily
engaged in entering them in racing events or other spectator sports events; and (5)
establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized services to
support participants in sports events or competitions. The sports teams and clubs included in
this industry may or may not operate their own arena, stadium, or other facility for presenting
their games or other spectator sports events.
Cross-References.
- Establishments primarily engaged in promoting sporting events without participating in sporting events are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;
- Establishments, such as youth league baseball teams, primarily engaged in participating in sporting events for recreational purposes without playing before a paying audience are classified in Industry 71399, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;
- Amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 81399, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations);
- Establishments primarily engaged in representing or managing the careers of sports figures are classified in Industry 71141, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures;
- Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instruction without participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in Industry 61162, Sports and Recreation Instruction;
- Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsing products or making speeches are classified in Industry 71151, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and
- Establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines are classified in Industry 11292, Horses and Other Equine Production.
711211 Sports Teams and Clubs
This U.S. industry comprises professional or semiprofessional sports teams or clubs primarily
engaged in participating in live sporting events, such as baseball, basketball, football,
hockey, soccer, and jai alai games, before a paying audience. These establishments may or may
not operate their own arena, stadium, or other facility for presenting these events.
Cross-References.
- Establishments primarily engaged in promoting sporting events without participating in sporting events are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;
- Establishments, such as youth league baseball teams, primarily engaged in participating in sporting events for recreational purposes without playing before a paying audience are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and
- Amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).
711212 Racetracks
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks. These
establishments may also present and /or promote the events, such as auto, dog, and horse races,
held in these facilities.
Cross-References.
- Owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events; trainers of racing participants; and independent athletes, such as jockeys and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in racing events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports.
711219 Other Spectator Sports
This U.S. industry comprises (1) independent athletes, such as professional or semiprofessional
golfers, boxers, and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in live sporting or
racing events before a paying audience; (2) owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs,
and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events or other spectator events; and
(3) establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized
services required to support participants in sports events or competitions.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in
- Establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks are classified in U.S. Industry 711212, Racetracks;
- Establishments primarily engaged in representing or managing the careers of sports figures are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures;
- Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instruction without participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and Recreation Instruction;
- Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsing products or making speeches are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and
- Establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines are classified in Industry 112920, Horses and Other Equine Production.
7113 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events
71131 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with
Facilities
See industry description for 711310 below.
711310 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with
Facilities
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) organizing, promoting, and/or
managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state
fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and festivals, held in facilities that they
manage and operate and/or (2) managing and providing the staff to operate arenas, stadiums,
theaters, or other related facilities for rent to other promoters.
Cross-References.
- Producing live performances (but may also promote the performances and/or operate the facilities where the performances take place) - classified in Industry Group 7111, Performing Arts Companies;
- Operating racetracks (but may also promote the events held in these facilities) - classified in U.S. Industry 711212, Racetracks;
- Presenting sporting events (but may also promote these sporting events and/or operate the stadiums or arenas where the sporting events take place) - classified in U.S. Industry 711211, Sports Teams and Clubs;
- Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conventions, conferences, and trade shows (but may also operate the facilities where these events take place) - classified in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers;
- Organizing, promoting, and/or managing performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events in facilities managed and operated by others - classified in Industry 711320, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities; and
- Leasing stadiums, arenas, theaters, and other related facilities to others without operating the facilities - classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses).
71132 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without
Facilities
See industry description for 711320 below.
711320 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without
Facilities
This industry comprises promoters primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing
live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs,
county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and festivals, in facilities that are managed and
operated by others. Theatrical (except motion picture) booking agencies are included in this
industry.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in -
- Booking motion pictures or videos - classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;
- Producing live performances (but may also promote the performances) - classified in Industry Group 7111, Performing Arts Companies;
- Operating racetracks (but may also promote the events held in these facilities) - classified in U.S. Industry 711212, Racetracks;
- Presenting sporting events (but may also promote these events) - classified in U.S. Industry 711211, Sports Teams and Clubs;
- Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conventions, conferences, and trade shows (but may also operate the facilities where these events take place) - classified in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers;
- Organizing, promoting, and/or managing performing arts, sports, and similar events in facilities they manage or operate - classified in Industry 711310, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with facilities; and
- Operating amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues - classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).
7114 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures
71141 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other
Public Figures
See industry description for 711410 below.
711410 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other
Public Figures
This industry comprises establishments of agents and managers primarily engaged in representing
and/or managing creative and performing artists, sports figures, entertainers, and other public
figures. The representation and management includes activities, such as representing clients in
contract negotiations; managing or organizing client's financial affairs; and generally
promoting the careers of their clients.
Illustrative Examples:
Celebrity agents or managers; Sports figure agents or managers; Literary agents; Talent agents;
Modeling agents.
Cross-References.
- Establishments primarily engaged in supplying models to clients are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services; and
- Establishments known as model registries primarily engaged in recruiting and placing models for clients are classified in Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies.
7115 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers
71151 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers
See industry description for 711510 below.
711510 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers
This industry comprises independent (i.e., freelance) individuals primarily engaged in
performing in artistic productions, in creating artistic and cultural works or productions, or
in providing technical expertise necessary for these productions. This industry also includes
athletes and other celebrities exclusively engaged in endorsing products and making speeches or
public appearances for which they receive a fee.
Illustrative Examples:
Independent actors or actresses; Independent producers; Independent art restorers; Independent
recording technicians; Independent artists (except musical, commercial, or medical);
Independent speakers; Independent cartoonists; Independent theatrical costume designers;
Independent dancers; Independent theatrical lighting technicians; Independent journalists.
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Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in
- Freelance musicians and vocalists - classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists;
- Independent commercial artists and graphic designers - classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design Services; and
- Artisans and craftspersons are classified in the Sector 31-33, Manufacturing.
Information courtesy of the U.S. Census Bureau.
